-, Motta I, Migone De Amicis M, Pinto VM, et al. Most hemoglobin is made up of alpha and beta chains. Thalassemias. It protects the epithelial barriers from pathogens and modulates excessive immune responses in . The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Here's What You Need to Know, Omicron Infection Timeline: When Symptoms Start and How Long They Last. So, its important to know your status. However, severe allergic reactions from vaccines are extremely rare. ; 3 Hemoglobinopathies and Congenital Anemia Center, Ospedale Galliera, Genoa, Italy. This could be dangerous, as too much iron can cause serious health problems. While it's always helpful to know your blood type, most people won't necessarily need to know that information. Facial Presentation in People with Beta-Thalassemia Major, The Hidden Signs You May Have a Red Meat Allergy From a Tick Bite, Alpha Thalassemia: Symptoms, Causes, Treatments, and More, Alopecia Areata and Diet: Foods to Eat and Avoid. On the other, people with thalassemia may be at risk of adrenal insufficiency (adrenal crisis), which can worsen a person's condition with severe COVID-19. In fact, some people prefer being able to communicate with their healthcare providers from the comfort of their own home. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. Treatment is with corticosteroids. For people living with thalassemia, because too much iron may build up in the blood, foods high in iron may need to be limited. De Sanctis V, Canatan D, Corrons JLV, et al. Telehealth visits, which are appointments with a healthcare provider using electronic devices from your home, are considered the equivalent of an in-person visit in many ways and can provide excellent care in many situations. How do I know if I have thalassemia trait? Does Anemia Cause Weight Loss or Weight Gain? Would you like email updates of new search results? ", Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Since hemoglobin levels already run low for many people with thalassemia, the combination of factors has raised some concerns. That said, the shortage of the blood supply has proven challenging. (2022). Indian Pediatr. This is the most important step in keeping you out of the hospital and alive. Learn more. COVID-19 and thalassaemia: A position statement of the Thalassaemia International Federation. (2022). People who have had splenectomies have a greater risk of developing bacterial infections as well as sepsis. Thalassemia: Complications & treatment. (2020). What are the risks of having COVID if you have beta thalassemia? As a whole, experts recommend that peopleregardless of blood typekeep following CDC guidelines to prevent the spread of COVID-19. WHO COVID19 Dashboard. World Health Organization (WHO) . The vaccines cannot give you COVID-19. If you have beta-thalassemia trait, you have a 50% chance of passing on the affected gene to any child you have. You'll likely need several tests by different doctors. Dr. DelCollo is board-certified in family medicine by the American Board of Family Medicine. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies ; 4 Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences . Since those studies, a fair amount of research has been conducted on blood type and COVID-19 risk. Thus far, studies have been mixed as to whether thalassemia patients are more likely to experience serious outcomes of COVID-19 (such as hospitalization or death). 2020 Jun;25(6):e936-e945. The .gov means its official. Lack of hemoglobin can lead to insufficient oxygen in your bodily tissues. Li L, et al. The present statement summarizes the key challenges concerning the management of haemoglobinopathies, with particular focus on patients with either transfusion-dependent or non-transfusion-dependent thalassaemia, identifies the gaps in knowledge and suggests measures and strategies to deal with the pandemic, based on available evidence and expert opinions. If the inherited mutation affects only one gene, you have beta-thalassemia minor. eCollection 2023. Key points about beta thalassemia in children. The most important thing you can do is make sure you are vaccinated and stay up to date on when boosters are needed. They only have one mutated HBB gene from their parents. People who are moderate to severely immunocompromised may need additional doses of the COVID-19 vaccine to stay protected. But if you only have the trait, you may have a slightly increased risk of high blood pressure or anemia during pregnancy, according to 2022 research. There are some theories on why there could be a link: Your red blood cells are covered with molecules that are known as antigens, Thomas Russo, MD, professor and chief of infectious disease at the University at Buffalo, told Health. Globally, the prevalence of COVID-19 in people with beta-thalassemia specifically appears to be lower than the general population. Alpha-thalassemia occurs when your body has trouble producing hemoglobin alpha. "All may acquire COVID-19 and all should take the recommended precautions to reduce the risk.". It's important to note that complications of thalassemia likely played a role in the severity of outcomes. An official website of the United States government. Beta-Thalassemia Minor and SARS-CoV-2: Physiopathology, Prevalence, Severity, Morbidity, and Mortality. Beta thalassemia major (Cooley's anemia). The information in this story is accurate as of press time. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our. All rights reserved. Conclusions: Newborn screening practices for beta-thalassemia in the United States. The proposed measures and strategies may be useful as a blueprint for other disorders which require regular hospital visits, as well as for the timely adaptation of patient care during similar future pandemics. People with thalassemia tend to experience similar complications from COVID-19 as those without thalassemia. If the synthesis from both genes is severely reduced or absent, the person has . Med Hypotheses. Experts estimate 1.5% of the worlds population to be carriers. A person with beta thalassemia minor . This condition is called anemia. Blood. People with the intermedia or major forms of the disease have HBB mutations from both parents. (2022). The Moderna and Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines use mRNA technology. Should people with thalassemia receive the COVID-19 vaccine? Theres no cure for Nijmegen breakage syndrome, but its complications can be treated. There are no specific precautions or warnings for people with thalassemia receiving these vaccines compared with people in the general population. Most children with moderate to severe thalassemia show signs and symptoms within their first two years of life. The second study (also from October 2020) from researchers in Canada looked at data from 95 patients who were severely ill with COVID-19. Diagnosis. If you only receive the gene from one parent, you carry the trait for thalassemia. Prevention measures are very important. "People with type O blood may be more susceptible to norovirus," said infectious disease expert Amesh A. Adalja, MD, senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security. If you do, theyll be mild. Guidelines for the Management of NonTransfusion Dependent Thalassaemias, 2nd ed. 2021;16(1):114.doi:10.1186/s13023-021-01757-w. U.S. Food & Drug Administration. Some researchers hypothesize that thalassemia might be protective against COVID-19 as it is against malaria. At this point in time, there does not appear to be any relationship between blood type and COVID-19related severity of illness or mortality.". Blood tests can also be used for . (2022). This can make them very anaemic (tired, short of breath and pale). What Are the Differences Between the Pfizer and Moderna COVID-19 Vaccines? As an example, on March 17, 2020, the Red Cross announced that their blood reserves were reduced by around 80% in the United States due to canceled donations and reduced distribution. Some of the publications discussing pregnancy in a patient with COVID19 infection mentioned thalassemia, thalassemia trait, and thalassemia minor in the list of comorbidities in the description of their included patients characteristics. You likely wont have any symptoms. Sotiriou S, et al. Certain medications have been approved to reduce the frequency of transfusions needed. "Long COVID" is a term meaning symptoms that persist after the infection has cleared. Beta thalassemia minor or thalassemia trait. Experts are warning people that they may have an allergy to red meat if they develop these gastrointestinal symptoms. Knowledge of your blood type is usually important if you're undergoing a blood transfusion or organ transplantbut in those situations, your medical team will test your blood type beforehand. Kakkar S, et al. Thalassemias. Early in the pandemic, two studies published in the Blood Advances journal in October 2020 showed a possible link between blood type and vulnerability to COVID-19. marion.cook@wanadoo.fr. When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. Med (Lausanne). If your MCV is too low, they may order further blood tests to check for thalassemia trait. Published 2020 Sep 7. doi:10.23750/abm.v91i3.10063. It can cause life threatening heart conditions, such as stroke. People with beta thalassemia may be at a higher risk of developing severe disease or death, but studies are . S124: Adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination in transfusion-dependent thalassemia patients. The novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) is a contagious acute respiratory infectious disease whose causative agent has been demonstrated to be a novel virus of the coronavirus family, SARSCoV-2. Orphanet J Rare Dis. The forgotten people with thalassemia in the time of COVID-19: South Asian perspective. One study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) in April of 2021, reviewed nearly 108,000 COVID-19 cases. Each one has different subtypes and hence the severity . sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Some research findings have suggested that people with blood types A and AB are more susceptible to contracting COVID-19, while those with blood type O are less likely to test positive for the virus. Some genes contribute to the alpha chain, while others contribute to the beta chain. Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available. 2023 Jan 1;15(1):e2023007. Experts Explain. doi:10.2144/fsoa-2020-0110, Papadopoulos KI, Sutheesophon W, Manipalviratn S, Aw TC. Last medically reviewed on August 23, 2022. In fact, some medications used for thalassemia may actually be helpful. Patients with beta-thalassaemia increase the risk of bacterial infections, particularly Burkholderia pseudomallei (Bp), the causative agent of melioidosis in Thailand. Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder that causes you not to make enough hemoglobin, a protein in your blood. While the link between blood type and COVID-19 risk is still unclear, it's important to note that there have been links between blood type and diseases in the past. Its also the only way to tell if youre a silent carrier. (2022). Adrenal insufficiency (a lack of sufficient hormone production by the adrenal glands) can occur with thalassemia. 2021;27:e929207. Hemoglobin normally is made of four chainstwo alpha chains and two beta chains. Verywell Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only. (2022). Li J, et al. 2020;15(1):265.doi:10.1186/s13023-020-01543-0, Piga A, Perrotta S, Gamberini MR, et al. In particular, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin D, zinc, and selenium. It was through these findings, that the Danish researchers suggested: "That blood group O is significantly associated with reduced susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection.". eCollection 2023. SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with -thalassemia: The French experience. (2021). (Source: File Photo) For almost a week now, Delhi resident Komal Mehta has been making frantic calls for O-negative blood for her 16-year-old son, a thalassemia major, who requires a blood transfusion every 21 days.While his blood transfusion of two units was to take place on March 13, Mehta has not been able to .
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