What is Menelaus expressing in this speech to Telemachus and Peisistratus? Proteus informed him that his brother Agamemnon and Ajax, another Greek hero, survived Troy only to perish back in Greece. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. Sinis was a robber who was cast out of the Isthmus of Corinth, probably due to his criminal activities. What is the formula for calculating solute potential? But to fully grasp the entirety of who she is, Read More Athena in The Odyssey: Odysseus SaviorContinue, Sthenelus of Mycenae was the son of Perseus and Andromeda, a princess of the Ethiopian king Cepheus and his wife Cassiopeia. The value this shows is compassion or kindness. The story, then, raises questions for The Odyssey: will Penelope remain faithful or marry the suitors? Telemachus never fully matches his father's talents, at least not by The Odyssey 's conclusion. She leads him to his ship, his crew packs up their provisions, and they disembark with Athena on board. According to Menelaus, where is Odysseus? Your email address will not be published. As the suitors devour Odysseus' oxen, Telemachus says he believes his father - whom he does not know at all - is dead. You must be the boy he left behind when he took ship for Troy all because of me and my mad passion for Trojan Paris. When does Menelaus ask Telemachus the purpose of his visit: the morning after he arrives: For whom does Menelaus grieve most: Odysseus: He recounted the story of capturing Proteus, the divine old man of the Sea, to find his way back to Sparta. He tells them of the suitors' disgraceful behavior and angrily tries to shame them into leaving. She calls for help from Athena, who visits her in a dream as Penelope's sister. Why doesn't his benefactor bring Odysseus to the palace in person? How is Telemachus' identity revealed to Menelaus? Why is Menelaus to go to the Elysian Field instead of dying as other mortals do? Who helps Menelaus when he is marooned in Egypt? In Sparta, Telemachus arrived at the low-lying city of Lacedaemon. Next :Odysseus Journey from the Island of the Phaeacians to Ithaca (Book XIII) >>, << Summary and Introduction : The Returns. Read More The Island of the Lotus-Eaters: Odyssey Drug IslandContinue, Athena in The Odyssey acted as a guardian towards Odysseus family, ensuring their safety and prosperity in the Homeric Classic. In disguise as an old friend of Odysseus', Athena travels to his manor in Ithaca, now overrun with noisy, lustful suitors intent on marrying Odysseus' wife, Penelope. With her approval, Aegisthus murdered Agamemnon. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. She stayed behind to protect Telemachuss ship and crewmates. The role Menelaus played in Odysseus return home was but a small fraction but his role in Telemachus faith was the driving force that allowed the young prince to confidently return to Ithaca, reinvigorated to get rid of Penelopes suitors. How is Telemachus' identity revealed to Menelaus? Medon immediately warned Penelope of Telemachus journey and the criminal plans of the suitors. He does not believe that Odysseus is his father since he has come from Menelaus' kingdom where they have said he must be dead. We also note that Athena continues to encourage Telemachus in his maturation. Does Penelope really intend to marry one of her suitors? Samuel's words hold true in Homer 's The Odyssey. "My students can't get enough of your charts and their results have gone through the roof." As Telemachus pulls away from the palace in his chariot, an eagle carrying a goose stolen from a pen swoops down beside him. He also incorporates into the new yoga the understanding of the events obtained by diving into the depths of the vital during this quest for the origins (Menelaus relates the words of Proteus to Telemachus): The end of the development of the highest consciousness resulting from the work for receptivity in the body (the death of the great Ajax, son of Telamon). If you don't see it, please check your spam folder. Nestor continues to show his hospitality to Telemachus by assigning tasks to his sons and daughter. From the creators of SparkNotes, something better. After they eat, Telemachus tells Nestor, who fought alongside and was a great friend to Odysseus during the Trojan War, that he is seeking information about his father. So he goes on a voyage to find out what really happened to his father. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. What gift does Menelaus give Telemachus? The prince worries about his youth and inexperience, but Athena assures him . From Nestor in Pylos and Menelaus in Sparta. TO CANCEL YOUR SUBSCRIPTION AND AVOID BEING CHARGED, YOU MUST CANCEL BEFORE THE END OF THE FREE TRIAL PERIOD. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Sri Aurobindos epic poem Ilion is about the uncertain period that humanity is going through today. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Why do you think that's true? Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. She shouted their names, no doubt pushed by some god wanting to give the Trojans a chance of glory.. She also goes to visit Telemachus to guide him. Samuel Ullman, an American businessman and poet, once said, "Maturity is the ability to think, speak, and act your feelings within the bounds of dignity.". The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". In the palace, they were dazzled by a burst of sun or moon falling from the heights. for a customized plan. He also told him about Agamemnon's murder, and that Odysseus is a prisoner on Calypso's island. Nestor reinforces in the prince a respect for loyalty and devotion. Menelaus describes his stay in Egypt to Telemachus. The end of the powerful aspiration for the improvement of man that had been necessary for the great reversal (the death of Agamemnon, husband of Clytemnestra). The king is indignant at the behavior of the suitors and hopes Odysseus can mete out their punishment. Zeus sends a pair of eagles that re fighting which prophecizes the death of the suitors. My students love how organized the handouts are and enjoy tracking the themes as a class., Requesting a new guide requires a free LitCharts account. Sthenelus of Achaea was a commander who died in the Trojan war. After this, he must kill the suitors, as Orestes did. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. How is Telemachus identity revealed to Menelaus? But to fully grasp the role of Menelaus in The Odyssey, his importance, his symbolism, and how he gave Telemachus the courage and confidence to return home, we must see how the story unfolds. Book 1 - Introduction. She encouraged him, telling him that his journey will be fruitful. Through the help of Athena, he learns different character traits and qualities such as bravery that helps him to mature into a man worth the title of a prince of Ithaca. Then, Odysseus revealed his identity to Telemachus in private, and together they plotted a way to get rid of the suitors from the castle. As Telemachus prepared to venture off to Pylos and Sparta, Athena revisited him in the form of Mentor, another one of Odysseus old friends. When the bard disappears, Clytemnestra forgets her husband and betrays him. While Odysseus does make a few mistakes in judgment over the course of the epic, it is difficult to imagine him making such an absentminded blunder. << Previous :Telemachus visits Nestor in Pylos (Book III). When Telemachus's ship arrives at Pylos the next morning, the crew finds 4500 of Nestor's people sacrificing bulls in honor of the god Poseidon. During his stay there, who told Menelaus where Odysseus was detained? Telemachus is slowly picking up the knowledge and courage necessary to tackle his enemies. After all, it has only been a few years since he first realized what the suitors intentions were. Penelope refused to do so but could not fight off the expectations of those around her. Did you know you can highlight text to take a note? As the king of Sparta, he offered food and a bath to Telemachus and the son of Nestor, Peisistratus. It does not store any personal data. He has assumed the forceful identity and leadership of his father, as Athena maintains, and is no longer a mere child. Sacrifices also are pivotal to the plot of The Odyssey, for punishment awaits he who does not pay proper respect to the gods; we already know that Poseidon has wreaked havoc on Odysseus for blinding his son, Polyphemus. This last question is especially pertinent to the opening books, as we see Telemachus mature from a callow, helpless youth into a stronger, more confident man. He was married to Helen of Troy, whom he had brought back from the fall of Troy. The double harbour is the sign of a trap, of internal manipulations from which the seeker must escape. Athena encourages the shy Telemachus to seek out old Nestor. This was said to warn Telemachus not to return home as Agamemnon did. Subscribe now. For Egypt was the land of the most learned doctors, all sons of Paeon, doctor of the gods. The suitors had to use Odysseus' bow and arrow to shoot through the holes of twelve ax-heads. At this point in the yoga, the seeker integrates the usefulness for the new yoga of his journey to rediscover the ancient knowledge of the times of Intuition and their accomplishments (Menelaus describes in detail to Telemachus his adventures in Egypt. The impression of stagnation in the process of spirit-matter union (confinement of Odysseus (Ulysses) at Calypso). He also understands that the powers of the mind wanted to develop to their extreme limit the experience of refusing the incarnation (Helen, pushed by some god, called by their names the warriors hidden in the horse, thus offering the Trojans a chance of glory). The Russian-doll authorship is, firstly, an innovative way to repeat expositional information the audience already knows but another character does not; we have already heard about Agamemnon's murder at the hands of Aigisthos, and we know about Odysseus' imprisonment on Calypso's island. Continue to start your free trial. With this report, Telemachus and Peisistratus returned to Pylos and the young prince set sail for Ithaca. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. With the consent of Zeus, Athena as Odysseus family guardian traveled to Ithaca to spoke with Telemachus. Athena returns to him in the form of Mentor, praises his abilities derived from his father, and assures him that his voyage will be successful. Be that as it may, says Telemachus, the gods hate Odysseus, so his mission is not likely to succeed. Telemachus does not believe the gods will aid him, and even if they did it would be to no avail; Athena disagrees. 328 ff.) Without his fathers loyal friends, he would not have been able to become a man fit for the throne of Ithaca. He then recounted his story on how he traveled from Troy and his struggles in returning to Sparta: from encountering the Sea goddess Eidothea to his battle in capturing Proteus to find his brother Agamemnon and Ajax, as well as Odysseus fate of course. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Telemachus plans to visit Nestor and Menelaus in search for his father. A. Stomach irritation Wed love to have you back! What does Menelaus caution Telemachus against? He is wholly devoted to his mother and to maintaining his fathers estate, but he does not know how to protect them from the suitors. Her encouragement seems to be half good faith, half divine meddling: will the right words come because Telemachus is more capable than he suspects, or because a god will place them there? In Book 22, he accidentally leaves a weapons storeroom unlocked, a careless mistake that allows the suitors to arm themselves. creating and saving your own notes as you read. Odysseus son the help of Athena. On Circes Island, he was turned into a pig and, once freed, drank himself to a stupor that eventually lead to his death. talk as man to man, no longer cS T"E rirrcilp f arrct8i, a fact which Menelaus recognizes by his straight answer to a question (iv. For the next 7 days, you'll have access to awesome PLUS stuff like AP English test prep, No Fear Shakespeare translations and audio, a note-taking tool, personalized dashboard, & much more! Helen recalled how Odysseus dressed as a vagrant, managed to distract Paris and Menelaus succeeded in bringing Helen back to Sparta. Meanwhile, in Ithaca, the suitors find out about Telemachus' journey to Pylos and plan to ambush him on his way home. Note that the Homeric epithet is different from Homer's unparalleled use of simile, the most famous and recurring example being a variation on (in the opening of Book II, for example) "When primal Dawn spread on the eastern sky / her fingers of pink light" (1-2). What happens to Odysseus on the eighteenth day, just as he sights the shores of Scheria? Why do you think Homer interrupts the narrative to have Demodocus sing about the love of Ares and Aphrodite? To which test does he refer? Athena prays to Poseidon for the success of their mission. Nestor's story implies that the fates of all four men in the story were determined by the feud, but it seems that Athena created the feud for no particular reason: the actions of the gods often seem mysterious or arbitrary. After the travelers are bathed and fed, Menelaos tells them of his grief for his mates who died at Troy - especially Odysseus. For convenience, we will later refer to Antinoos as wisdom and Eurymachos as holiness.. It is pious to speak of god-human relationships in terms of complete dependence, though it is honorable to follow one's own conscience. Telemachus calls upon the god who helped him yesterday. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. As the suitors devour Odysseus' oxen, Telemachus says he . Menelaus tells the famous story of the Trojan horse, Odysseuss masterful gambit that allowed the Greeks to sneak into Troy and slaughter the Trojans. Ace your assignments with our guide to The Odyssey! The suitors mock him while he readies himself for the trip, careful not to let his mother know about his plans. Required fields are marked *. The scene shifts to the home of Odysseus. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Telemachus is moved to tears by Menelaus' recollections of his friend Odysseus. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. Menelaus, in this context, passed on to Telemachus the ideal qualities of a king because he had grown up without a father, and without a king the young prince had no paternal figure to look up to. This brief book continues Telemachus' development from youth to man. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. He ruled over Agamemnon's kingdom as a tyrant for seven years before Orestes killed him and Klytaimnestra. Telemachus never fully matches his fathers talents, at least not by The Odysseys conclusion. But the ancient Greeks - and most modern ones, too - are equally hospitable to mortal strangers. After that, she set out to town and assumed the disguise of Telemachus himself, collecting a loyal crew to operate his ship. During his travels, Telemachus grows as a man. Refine any search. There he voiced his concerns to the Ithacan elders, and a plan was made to prevent further problems from the suitors behavior from arising. Menelaus discussed his adventure in Egypt, how he was abandoned on the island with no way home. In disguise as an old friend of Odysseus', Athena travels to his manor in Ithaca, now overrun with noisy, lustful suitors intent on marrying Odysseus' wife, Penelope. Before the assembly breaks, it is decreed that Odysseus' old friends, Mentor and Halitherses, will help him obtain the ship and crew. Having sailed for a time, he laid in ambush at the pass between the islands of Samos and Ithaca, where there was a rocky islet, the small Asteris which had a harbour on either side. Telemachus not only gained confidence and political skills in his journey, but he also understood the value of friendship and loyalty. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. He offers to give him a chariot and horses but instead gives him his son Peisistratus as a guide. Analysis. He is on land and goes to sleep covered in leaves. After going through our article, you could even say that Menelaus signifies a key moment in the Homeric narrative, in which we get to finally dive into Telemachus point of view on his fathers absence. He spent the rest of his life on the road waiting for passersby who he would eventually rob and kill. She gave out an excuse, telling her suitors shed pick one of them after finishing her mourning weave, but every night she untangled her work to prolong the process. The latter was indeed born from a slave, for the gods had denied him a second child from Helen. Menelaus also recounted the famous tale of the Trojan horse, orchestrated by Odysseus, allowing the Greeks to sneak into Troy to slaughter the Trojans. What plans do the suitors devise against Telemachus? Helen During his stay there, who told Menelaus where Odysseus was detained? She comes in the form of Mentes, an old family friend. The Underworld in The Aeneid Versus The Odyssey, Modus Operandi - The Ways of Greek Literature. which of the following responses best explains why odysseus decides not to kill th cyclops in his sleep. She told them she'd pick a suitor when she finished weaving a burial shroud for Odysseus, She weaved by day and unraveled by night. She doesn't want people to think that she and Odysseus are together. Menelaus then exchanged the cup he had originally offered with an even more beautiful one, made by Hephaestus. Prodius, old man of the the sea, who tells no lies. Similarly, the great suffering is reoriented in a direction that escapes us, for Megapenthes great pain unites with the daughter of Alector, a virgin who is not named. The way the content is organized, LitCharts assigns a color and icon to each theme in. He urges him to find Menelaos for more news, and offers to provide him with horses, a chariot, and his sons for company. Menelaos recounts the famous anecdote of how Odysseus hid himself and his men inside a wooden horse to invade Troy. She promises to find him a ship and crew and help him sail, and tells him to get provisions ready at home. Therefore, the new struggles in the depths of the vital and the consciousness of minute details find their raison dtre in the evolution of the overmind resulting from the aspiration for full liberation: Neoptolemus, son of Achilles, king of the Myrmidons, marries Hermione, daughter of Menelaus. Telemachus and the son of Nestor stayed their horses at the gate, whereon Eteoneus servant to Menelaus came out, and as soon as he saw them ran hurrying back into the house to tell his Master. Menelaus in turn recounted the episode of the wooden horse and the valour of Odysseus (Ulysses) who held back many Achaeans ready to respond to Helens voice. They offered him and his men food. Odysseus is 20 years older than when he first left for the war in Troy. C. the discovery of King Tut's tomb. Telemachus and Pisistratus arrived at Menelaus home on the same day that he was celebrating the wedding of his two children: those of his daughter Hermione with Neoptolemus, son of Achilles, according to the promise made in Troad, and those of his bastard but beloved son Megapenthes with Alectors daughter. Stuck on an island with Calypso What plan do the suitors devise against Telemachus? This explains why Menelaus never made the slightest reproach to Helen this daughter of Zeus, divine among women.. Analytical Services; Analytical Method Development and Validation Menelaus would establish the manhood implanted by Athene. We pick up ten years after the fall of Troy in the Trojan War (the subject of The Iliad). She encourages everyone to cheer up, and tells a story about Odysseus' disguising himself as a beggar during the war. When the king realizes that Telemachus's companion is a god, he stops emphasizing Telemachus's eloquence and will, and focuses instead on the prince's dependence on the gods. In book 4, what does Telemachus do when Menelaus starts to talk about his old friend, Odysseus? Athena enters the manor in disguise, and the cunning Odysseus, especially, uses disguises or false identities throughout The Odyssey to achieve his goals. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1725 titles we cover. She assures Penelope she will protect Telemachus, though she cannot tell her anything about Odysseus. We see more use of disguise in Athena's multiple visits, and Penelope is also identified as being cunning. In fact, this tag of "son of Odysseus" nearly becomes what is known as the "Homeric epithet" for Telemachus. Also the understanding that the aspiration for freedom is the most just (the announced stay of Menelaus on the Elysian Fields with the blond Rhadamanthus). Telemachus and Peisistratos return to Pylos to sail for Ithaca. He is Helen's husband, Zeus's son in law. How is Telemachus' identity revealed to Menelaus? They plot to kill Telemachus Identify the leading men of the suitors Antinuous and Nomon By entering your email address you agree to receive emails from SparkNotes and verify that you are over the age of 13. In the hall of Zeus on Mount Olympos, all the gods but Poseidon gather and listen as Zeus reflects upon the moral failings of mortal men. King of Sparta, brother of Agamemnon, and husband of Helen, he helped lead the Greeks in the Trojan War. what was it That his father is still alive To whome does athena refer when she says they all would find death was quick and marriage a painful matter the suitors Struggling with distance learning? Nestor tells Telemachus stories of Odysseus during the Trojan War as well as Orestes, praising him immensely. Which encounter to Odyssus and his men have before Polyphemus? The seeker then wants to mobilize the roots of the new yoga (Penelope wants Laertes, father of Odysseus (Ulysses) and therefore grandfather of Telemachus, to be warned) but what nurtured this yoga recommends him instead to trust his inner direction ( but Euryclia, who was first the nanny of Odysseus (Ulysses) before being that of Telemachus, deterred him, claiming that Athena was watching over Telemachus). Why does Calypso allow Odysseus to leave her island? How has Telemachus changed since the beginning of Book 1, and how does Penelope react? The queen, devastated upon hearing this news, wanted to alert Laertes. Menelaus wished to give Telemachus three stallions and a chariot burnished brightand a gorgeous cup. Telemachus regretfully declined these gifts for his own reasons. Which event is an example of foreshadowing? The Odyssey e-text contains the full text of The Odyssey by Homer. This development ends when priority and the means of purification are given to the process of spirit-matter union (Ajax committed suicide when Achilles weapons were given to Odysseus (Ulysses)). Proteus also informed him of the death of Ajax, that of Agamemnon killed by Aegisthus and the stranding of Odysseus (Ulysses) held by the nymph Calypso, with no boat or sailors to leave the island. The Father of Athena. Menelaus encourages him with news that Odysseus may be alive and held captive by a goddess-nymph named Calypso. Suspecting the visitor is a goddess in disguise, Telemachus informed them that the man was simply an old friend of his father, Odysseus. What does Alcinous offer to Odysseus so he could stay with the Phaeacians? The future yoga cannot really begin until the necessary elements described by the returns and associated events, such as the death of Aegisthus killed by Orestes, are brought together. What plan do the suitors devise against Telemachus? To whom does Athena refer when she says: They all would find death was quick, and marriage a painful matter? She gives him food and olive oil and tells him how to approach her father. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. Call Us Today! At night, Athena makes the suitors fall asleep and, in the form of Mentor, informs Telemachus of the arrival of his crew. Dont have an account? The occasion is the weddings of Megapenthes and Hermione. Who will do them and when? 2 What does Menelaus caution Telemachus against? The adventurer then remembers a fleeting understanding that occurred during the phase of the great reversal: although the process was barely recognizable, the path to full liberation passed through the spirit-matter union (Helen was thrilled by her encounter with Odysseus (Ulysses), whom she recognized although he was unrecognizable under his rags). Inspired, Telemachus thanks her for her advice, and she leaves. Telemachus learns and appreciates the ways of his father, and so decides to follow the story of Orestes, and kill the suitors to take back his father's home (3.52). He is more assertive and Penelope is stunned. The people of Pylos follow the rules of hospitality by offering the strangers food and drink without delay. Meanwhile, Athena walks around town disguised as Telemachus, inviting men to meet up at nightfall at a ship she has borrowed. Menelaus in The Odyssey was the gracious king of Sparta who welcomed Telemachus, Odysseus son, and Pisistratus to feast in honor of his daughters marriage to Neoptolemus, Achilles son, He was the king of Sparta and the brother of Agamemnon. At one point we receive a story-within-a-story-within-a-story as Homer tells us a story about Menelaos' story about Proteus' story. They dined like kings, feasting every day and drinking every night, treating themselves as kings for years. Although he has not yet gathered the results of the various yoga movements that he has followed in parallel, the seekers aspiration for freedom recognizes, because of their identity of nature, the emerging manifestations of the new yoga (although Menelaus ignores the fate of Odysseus (Ulysses), he and Helen recognize Telemachus because he looks like his father). Odysseus brags that he is an accomplished athlete but allows one test where the Phaeacians would likely win. He tells of how, on his return from Troy, his men were stranded on an island without any wind. (Helen poured in the drink a wonderful preparation suspending pain and anger, and all memory of evil; he who mixes it in his cup does not shed tears for a whole day; no, even when his father or mother perish; even when his beloved brother or son would be pierced by brass, and he would see it with his own eyes.) His father was missing for more than ten years at this point and news had reached Ithaca that other kings already arrived at their homes after the Trojan war was over. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. Click here to watch our new documentary "from The ILIAD to ILION". From Nestor, he learned diplomacy, and from Menelaus, he learned of sympathy, loyalty, and the importance of friendship. for a group? The free trial period is the first 7 days of your subscription. -Graham S. Bards keep memories alive by repeating stories, and Nestor's story implies that Agamemnon's bard guarded Clytemnestra from infidelity by keeping Agamemnon's memory alive in her. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. But, unbeknownst to them, the lotus they were all happily munching on stripped them of all desires, leaving only the urge to ingest the fruit. But her servant Euryclia told her that she had helped to prepare the departure and that Athena was watching over Telemachus. What works towards a real evolution in the service of the being in search of liberation warns that the junction is about to be realized with the future yoga (Eteoneus informs Menelaus of the arrival of Telemachus and Pisistratus). Finally, Proteus told him that he would stay at the Elysian Fields with the blond Rhadamanthus where he would be considered Zeuss son-in-law. Telemachus visits him in Book 3 to ask about his father, but Nestor knows little of Odysseus's whereabouts. Due to his long absence, the Ithacan king was presumed dead, and Penelope was required to remarry another man to satisfy the people of the land and her father, who was also urging her to find another husband. The suitors had little to no respect for the house of Odysseus. Telemachus spends his youth helplessly watching the suitors corrupt his household and harass his mother Penelope, but Athena 's forceful guidance helps him mature from a nervous youth to a confident, eloquent man - much like his father. These rules acknowledge that a traveler often needs to disguise his identity for one reason or another, because they require a host to give a stranger food and comfort before asking for his name. The seeker perceives a new light but cannot recognize its provenance (like Odysseus (Ulysses) in Alcinous place, Telemachus can observe a burst of sun or moon under the high ceilings). Menelaus helped the young son of Odysseus to gain confidence in his fathers return as well as provide a role that helped Telemachus realize his capabilities as a king. Historical Context Essay: Hospitality in Ancient Greece, Literary Context Essay: The Odyssey and the Fantastic Journey, A+ Student Essay: Homer's Portrayal of the Magical and Fantastical. IntroGreeceHomerThe IliadThe OdysseyHesiodWorks and DaysTheogonyAesopAesops FablesSapphoHymn to AphroditePindarOlympic Ode 1Pythian Ode 1AeschylusThe PersiansThe SuppliantsSeven Against ThebesAgamemnonThe Libation BearersThe EumenidesThe Oresteia TrilogyPrometheus BoundSophoclesAjaxAntigoneThe TrachiniaeOedipus the KingElectraPhiloctetesOedipus at ColonusEuripidesAlcestisMedeaHeracleidaeHippolytusAndromacheHecubaThe SuppliantsElectraHeraclesThe Trojan WomenIphigenia in TaurisIonHelenThe Phoenician WomenThe BacchaeOrestesIphigenia at AulisCyclopsAristophanesThe AcharniansThe KnightsThe CloudsThe WaspsPeaceThe BirdsLysistrataThesmophoriazusaeThe FrogsEcclesiazusaePlutus (Wealth)MenanderDyskolos (The Grouch)Apollonius of RhodesArgonauticaRomeCatullusPasser, deliciae meae puellae (Catullus 2)Vivamus, mea Lesbia, atque amemus (Catullus 5)Miser Catulle, desinas ineptire (Catullus 8)Odi et amo (Catullus 85)VergilThe Bucolics (Eclogues)The GeorgicsThe AeneidHoraceCarmen Saeculare (Song of the Ages)Ars Poetica (The Art of Poetry)Tu ne quaesieris (Odes 1-11)Nunc est bibendum (Odes 1-37)OvidAmoresArs AmatoriaHeroidesMetamorphosesSeneca the YoungerMedeaPhaedraHercules Furens (The Mad Hercules)Troades (The Trojan Women)AgamemnonOedipusApocolocyntosisThyestesPhoenissae (The Phoenician Women)LucanPharsalia (De Bello Civili)JuvenalSatire IIISatire VISatire XPliny the YoungerEpistulae VI.16 and VI.20Epistulae X.96OtherEpic of GilgameshThe BibleBeowulfTimelineA-Z AuthorsAll WorksAll CharactersSourcesBlog, Sinis: The Mythology of the Bandit Who Killed People for Sport, The Role of Women in the Iliad: How Homer Portrayed Women in the Poem, Elpenor in The Odyssey: Odysseus Sense of Responsibility, The Island of the Lotus-Eaters: Odyssey Drug Island, Sthenelus of Mycenae: The Stories of the Two Characters Who Bore the Name.
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