After verifying the adult status of the customer, the merchant shall require the customer to affix his signature under the legible printed name affirming that the warning has been provided and read. 8pF>]8+N,c}~YP
K1u.%imr$9b!iy'G v46>TZ+}EBXY*Q#iF4/S3MK\TM^(QYP;x[hhazrOrg"}hkP!/s7M}gQ\Bg^) 9&b'bc}cI?8JakW0W/VlA\W&>}J-w%0bf~Mq_m"M5t|,+V(b)\&NM0iZ`Gr]',G||6%G/A/tAo# Passed as Section 311 of H.R. In addition, some states and localities require registration or regulation of the lasers, show equipment and/or the laser operators. In New York, for example, it's a misdemeanor for someone to give, sell or even offer to sell a laser pointer to anyone who is 18 years old or younger. This document gives the variance holder permission to vary from the 5 milliwatt limit, by using more power. The AN/SEQ-3 Laser Weapon System or XN-1 LaWS is a laser weapon developed by the United States Navy.The weapon was installed on USS Ponce for field testing in 2014. We are presenting it as it appears in the United States Code, which lists U.S. laws. Do not submit it using the same procedure as submitting variances; the procedure is different. Adults, of course, may use laser pointers that don't exceed 5 milliwatts in their output. FAA requests at least 30 days notice in order to study the show and how it relates to air traffic. Laws & Regulations of Laser Operation in the United States (does not include non-laser devices) *always check your state website, malpractice carrier* This document is meant to serve as a guide to find the information for your statenot as a set of rules to follow in your practice. %
Current federal regulations allow for the sale to consumers of laser pointers with outputs up to five milliwatts.Presumably, the purpose of this bill is to deter the dangerous misuse of laser pointers. It's generally OK for people -- including kids -- to use laser pointers for valid instructional, school-related or employment purposes during normal hours of operation. A laser's light is concentrated into a narrow beam. In January 2011, Illinois state representative Dave Winters (Rep. - Shirland) introduced HB0167, which amends the state criminal code to make discharging a laser into the cockpit of an aircraft a Class A misdemeanor. The current trend is to include medical laser uses in the regulatory requirements. If you make your own laser projector and use it only in your home (e.g., it is not "entered into commerce") then both the projector and the show would not be required to be reported to FDA. However, recent price reductions have led to wider marketing, and the City Council is concerned about the promotion and use of these products as childrens toys; and. By continuing to use this site, you agree to our use of cookies. Note that manufacturing a projector could simply include putting scanners or a diffracting glass in front of a general-purpose laser. Now, therefore,Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of South Carolina:SECTION 1. It's especially not OK to aim laser pointers at anyone in uniform. (1) Aiming the beam at or into a structure or any portion thereof in such a manner as to be visible from the inside of the structure. But if a child is using the laser pointer, it will typically require supervision. Indeed, this legislation would ban the sale of one of the most common classes of consumer laser pointers, which are not typically used by criminals, but by business professionals to deliver presentations. To find out more, check Rockwell Laser Industries' list of state laser safety contacts. Regulated sales. Such term also means a device that projects a beam or point of light by means of light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation or other means or that emits light which simulates the appearance of a beam of light.Contraband meansa) any laser pointer or device that is used unlawfully, orb) any laser pointer or device that is greater than 1 milliwatt, as shown by the manufacturer's or distributor's technical specifications as shown on the pointer or device or otherwise, orc) any laser pointer or device for which the merchant who offers the device for distribution, sale or barter has no technical specifications showing the manufacturer's or distributor's confirmation that the laser pointer or device is 1 milliwatt or less in output.Excluded from this definition are:1) lasers used by an authorized individual in the conduct of research and development or flight test operations conducted by an aircraft manufacturer, the Federal Aviation Administration, or any other person authorized by the Federal Aviation Administration to conduct such research and development or flight test operations; 2) lasers used by members or elements of the Department of Defense or Department of Homeland Security acting in an official capacity for the purpose of research, development, operations, testing or training; 3) lasers used by an individual as an emergency signaling device to send an emergency distress signal; 4) lasers used by public safety officials in the regular conduct of their duties; 4) [sic - should be 5] laser uses specifically permissible by federal or State law; 5) lasers used for legitimate educational purposes; 6) lasers used for testing in the course of product manufacturing; 6) [sic - should be 8] lasers used for legitimate business purposes and during the normal course of such business; 7) lasers in the possession of individuals if such possession is necessary for the individual's employment, education, trade or occupation, and when not in use; 8) lasers possessed and/or used as part of a gun sight, so long as such are possessed and/or used in a lawful manner.Minor means any person who has not attained 17 years of age.Sec. Chapter 1, Title 39 of the 1976 Code is amended by adding:"Section 39-1-100. Copyright 2023, Thomson Reuters. (1) As used in subsection (2), the term "laser lighting device" means a handheld device, not affixed to a firearm, which emits a laser beam that is designed to be used by the operator as a pointer or highlighter to indicate, mark, or identify a specific position, place, item, or object. That doesn't say much, however, since the NIST study showed that only 26 percent of the laser pointers tested met industry standards. "Laser" means any device that projects a beam or point of light by means of light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation or any device that emits light which simulates the appearance of a laser. - Sale, possession, and use of laser pointers. This website uses cookies to deliver some of our products and services as well as for analytics and to provide you a more personalized experience. Adults should especially be careful about using laser pointers with green lights. Legal Interpretation of 14 CFR 91.11, Interference with a Crewmember via Laser. 16-53. However, most people don't realize how illegal it is to shine a laser pointer at an aircraft. New York City Administrative Code Sec. 1040.11), the American National Standards Institute (ANSI Z136 Series), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA). S.A. Police: Not illegal. After the effective date of this act, all laws repealed or amended by this act must be taken and treated as remaining in full force and effect for the purpose of sustaining any pending or vested right, civil action, special proceeding, criminal prosecution, or appeal existing as of the effective date of this act, and for the enforcement of rights, duties, penalties, forfeitures, and liabilities as they stood under the repealed or amended laws.SECTION 3. In the NJ Criminal Code, under N.J.S.A. Shining a laser pointer at a drone is illegal and may not interfere with its communication. The information provided below is intended to support the partnership between the FAA and LEAs in addressing these activities. Aiming a laser pointer at a peace officer. Any person of 17 years or older who possesses a laser pointer or device unlawfully, or who points a laser beam toward any vehicle, person or animal is subject to a conviction for violation of City ordinance, for assault and battery, and/or for mistreatment of animals, with a $500.00 fine and up to 30 days imprisonment, or both, as well as being civilly liable for any personal injury to a person or animal, or damage to property, that might result from this illegal act. 2010: How bright for green astronomy pointers? E. HAWAII: Illegal for under-18-year-olds to possess laser pointers, ILLINOIS: All Class 3B and 4 lasers must be registered, ILLINOIS: Criminalize discharge into cockpits. At FindLaw.com, we pride ourselves on being the number one source of free legal information and resources on the web. Additionally, Ocean City has an airport frequented by planes and helicopters. (2) The minor's possession of the laser pointer is necessary for his or her employment, trade or occupation and it is necessary for the laser pointer to be carried on his or her person. Amended by P.L.232-2003, SEC.2. Section 311 amended Title 18 of the United States Code (U.S.C.) Under FDA regulations, a laser light show projector cannot be sold unless the buyer has applied for AND RECEIVED a variance from FDA, allowing the buyer to perform a laser light show. To learn more, download the full Government Regulations document. Section 2501 Unlawful use of a laser pointer -- Definitions -- Penalties. Perspectives & Opinions / Informed advice / ion-quote. means a battery-powered portable handheld device that emits visible laser light in a narrow beam. Adopted by the City Council of the City of Virginia Beach, Virginia, on this 25th day of August, 1998. Terms of Service apply. (b) "Laser pointer" means a hand-held device that uses light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation to emit a beam of light that is visible to the human eye. These state criminal penalties impose strict punishment of up to five to ten years in prison for a second-degree offense where the act causes serious bodily injury. [seal]Attest:/s/ Charles B. McKennaChief Counsel to the Governor. Do not submit it using the same procedure as submitting variances; the procedure is different. 4 0 obj
Their intent is to designate all laser pointers that are not red as defective. This designation would prohibit U.S. sales of green, blue and other non-red pointers and would make it easier for FDA to control and seize imports of such lasers. See the page on, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Guide for Preparing Product Reports on Lasers and Products Containing Lasers, Application for a Variance from 21 CFR 1040.11(c) for a Laser Light Show, Display or Device, Reporting Guide for Laser Light Shows and Displays, Guide for Preparing Annual Reports on Radiation Safety Testing of Laser and Laser Light Show Products. means is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of photons. Anything more powerful than that is technically not a "laser pointer.". FAA has directed its staff not to seek warning notices or counseling, but to use "moderately high civil penalties" for inadvertent laser illuminations, and maximum penalties for deliberate violations. Pointing a laser at an aircraft places all the persons aboard in mortal jeopardy. See Wisconsin Statutes 990.01. 1 0 obj
A person commits the offense of using a laser pointer if such person knowingly directs a light from a laser pointer at a uniformed safety officer, including a peace officer as defined under section 590.010, security guard, firefighter, emergency medical worker, or other uniformed municipal, state, or federal officer. If aimed at a person's eye from close up, most or all of the light goes through the pupil. Miscellaneous laser info / High power; projectors; weapons, Laser dazzle and glare / A scientific definition / ion-ios-flower, Links / Articles, websites, courses / ion-link, About LaserPointerSafety.com // ion-person, Sponsorship opportunities / Help support LaserPointerSafety.com / ion-trophy. Can Drones Fly Over Houses? Any parent, guardian, person acting in loco parentis, or responsible adult person, who purchases a laser pointer or device for a minor, or who allows a minor in their custody to access, possess or use a laser pointer or device within the unincorporated area of Horry County, and that laser pointer or device is possessed or used unlawfully, is subject to arrest and prosecution, and upon conviction, is further subject to a fine of $500.00 and up to 30 days imprisonment, or both. If you buy a commercially-available laser projector for home use, you appear to need a variance before the seller can turn over the projector to you. 800 Independence Avenue, SW Review of the current trends at the state or local level regarding laser pointer regulatory and/or enforcement activities. As a drone is considered an aircraft, pointing a laser at it could result in jail time and fines. _.Lk;J@',Pb`Rl%'mS%l\X59=_-.4Q^^5A+\Zrr5Tb~%[XM1,=}xG0XFe]]^6p AMENDATORY 21 O.S. Even though the laser projects a small, millimeter-sized dot close up, at longer distances the beam can be many inches across. Some jurisdictions take it further and flat-out prohibit young people from possessing laser pointers. AN ACT relative to shining a laser pointing device at an aircraft or vessel, or at another person. 2002-80; s. 1, ch. Can I do audience scanning if I have special equipment? MICHIGAN, city of Dearborn: Unlawful to harass, MINNESOTA: Crime to aim laser into cockpit, Beginning August 1, 2009, a new Minnesota law (SF1408) makes it a gross misdemeanor when a person "knowingly aims and discharges a laser or other device that creates visible light into the cockpit of an aircraft that is in the process of taking off or landing or is in flight. In addition to concerns over powerful laser pointers, laws in many states prohibit young folks from bringing laser pointers onto school grounds or other places. <>
TO AMEND THE CODE OF LAWS OF SOUTH CAROLINA, 1976, BY ADDING CHAPTER 77 TO TITLE 39 SO AS TO PROHIBIT THE SALE, POSSESSION, AND USE OF CERTAIN LASER POINTING DEVICES UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES, AND TO PROVIDE DEFINITIONS, EXEMPTIONS, AND REMEDIES.Amend Title To ConformBe it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of South Carolina:Whereas, laser pointers are small, handheld devices, usually battery operated, equipped with a laser diode emitting a very narrow laser beam of visible light, intended to be used to highlight something of interest by illuminating it with a small bright spot of colored light; andWhereas, laser pointers are often used in educational and business presentations for visual demonstrations as a pointing device, are useful in the construction setting, and for certain gun sights; however, if they are aimed at a person's eyes, they can cause temporary disturbances to vision, and in some cases permanent retinal damage; andWhereas, when pointed at aircraft at night, laser pointers may dazzle and distract pilots at critical times, and have been used maliciously to distract or annoy individuals on the ground as well as in the air; andWhereas, due to their appeal as a recreational device and low cost to manufacture, there has been a recent proliferation of lasers in the marketplace, particularly higher powered lasers of greater than one milliwatt output which feature brighter colors; andWhereas, especially because of these higher powered lasers, with the resulting increase in their intensity and range, and extra potential hazard when pointed at objects and people, there also has been a dramatic escalation in the number of incidents in which damaging laser beams are being directed at people and aircraft; andWhereas, the United States Coast Guard, Charleston Sector, has reported several recent cases where pilots were forced to land their aircraft and abort missions during search and rescue operations after being hit with laser beams that are particularly debilitating when the pilot is wearing night vision equipment; andWhereas, during the summer of 2012, there were more than seventy reported incidents of aircraft being hit by lasers in and around the Myrtle Beach International Airport alone; andWhereas, it is the will of the General Assembly to provide for the public's health, safety, and welfare through the regulation of the sale, possession, and use of laser pointing devices. may be used as part of a power point presentation and/or within a meeting of any kind for educational or instructional purposes and said use shall not be a violation of this Section. You may have an addiction a habit of watching YouTube videos of kittens catching laser pointers. Yes, it is prohibited to point a laser toward an aircraft. The criminal laws already protecting New Jersey residents from the dangerous misuse of laser pointers would not be bolstered by an arbitrary one-milliwatt sales restriction that is inconsistent with federal standards.Accordingly, I herewith return Senate Bill No. Official websites use .govA .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States. 574.110. Added by Acts 2007, 80th Leg., R.S., Ch. State laws dictate that stun guns or taser devices are legal for civilian self-defense in 48 of the 50 states as long as: You . means anything constructed, erected or established, including but not limited to swimming pools, buildings, trailers, screened enclosures, patio walls, decks, or similar man-made features. 2.2. Is a laser flashlight a "laser" in California? by inserting after paragraph XIII the following new paragraph: by inserting after paragraph VIII the following new paragraph: SECTION 1. Laser pointers are amazing, particularly for the easily amused. Current trends now place emphasis on classification, controls, and training. (1) As used in subsection (2), the term "laser lighting device" means a handheld device, not affixed to a firearm, which emits a laser beam that is designed to be used by the operator as a pointer or highlighter to indicate, mark, or identify a specific position, place, item, or object. Such activity exposing planes or helicopters to laser radiation is a violation of federal law, as well as those in many individual states. This site is protected by "Law enforcement officer" means any police officer, peace officer, sheriff, deputy sheriff, correctional officer, probation or parole officer, emergency management employee, judge, magistrate, or any employee of a governmental agency who is authorized by law to engage in the investigation, arrest, prosecution, or supervision of the incarceration of any person for any violation of law and has statutory powers of arrest. Since June 2011, FAA has taken action against 28 persons, with an average fine of $11,000 per laser strike. Law Enforcement Guidance for Identifying and Reporting Unauthorized Laser Illumination Incidents Against Aircraft (PDF) Report a laser incident Watch the 'Lose the Laser' video U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration 800 Independence Avenue, SW Washington, DC 20591 866.835.5322 (866-TELL-FAA) Contact Us WHEREAS, the Food and Drug Administration has issued a warning to parents and school officials about the possibility of eye damage to children from hand-held laser pointers. Law Enforcement Guidance for Identifying and Reporting Unauthorized Laser Illumination Incidents Against Aircraft (PDF), Federal Aviation Administration }5ha\@U:.w/`mDV`"m `?AMX:]&^6vIlSC. 2005-159. Shining a laser pointer at cops, firefighters, ambulance workers or other uniformed workers is not only uniquely lame, but also incredibly illegal. As added by P.L.70-2000, SEC.1. Sec. Humble laser pointers, used by thousands of skygazers to show beginners the way to stars and constellations, is coming under fire from U.S. federal and state authorities following thousands of incidents in which laser beams have "painted" aircraft in flight. Legally you cannot use Class 3B or Class 4 laser equipment for public/commercial displays until your variance has been approved by the FDA. The, ARIZONA: Aiming a laser pointer at a peace officer or an occupied aircraft, General laws about laser use in Arizona are in the Arizona Administrative Code, Title 9. What should be done about laser pointers? State vs. Federal Court. The laser equipment must be reported to FDA by the manufacturer, the laser show user or operator must obtain a variance which gives permission to vary from FDAs normal laser power requirements, and the laser show user or operator must file a Laser Light Show Report with FDA. (a) A person commits aiming a laser pointer at a peace officer when he or she intentionally or knowingly aims an operating laser pointer at a person he or she knows or reasonably should know to be a peace officer. @~g+!0 FtS`0%frtE\D9 Meeting with a lawyer can help you understand your options and how to best protect your rights. (a) It shall be unlawful for any minor to possess a laser pointer or device, while not under the direct supervision of a parent, guardian or teacher, which parent, guardian or teacher takes full responsibility for its possession and use under this Article, and bears the full consequences of its misuse. Laser safety tech info / Calculations, classifications, data / ion-ios-calculator, Laser safety studies // ion-pie-graph, 2002: Understanding levels of vision loss, 2006: Countering laser pointer threats to road safety. reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and To the Senate:Pursuant to Article V, Section I, Paragraph 14 of the New Jersey Constitution, I am returning Senate Bill No. 418 (Second Reprint) without my approval. Any minor 16 years or younger, who is in possession of, or who uses, a laser pointer or device unlawfully, is subject to service of a juvenile summons and will be prosecuted in Family Court by the Solicitors Office. refers to the rapid spreading out of laser light in such a manner as to avoid concentration of such light into a beam. Prohibited uses; exceptions. In addition, federal law imposes criminal penalties for the dangerous misuse of a laser pointer, including fines, and up to five years in prison. Sec. Chapter 2, 39, by adding 39A, which makes it a federal crime to aim a laser pointer at an aircraft. Washington State Patrol pilots successfully test special laser eye protection developed at Wright-Patterson Lab Story by Mary Pacinda, Air Force Research Laboratory Aiming a laser at an aircraft is a federal crime that can net offenders up to five years in jail or cost them a $250,000 fine. All laser pointers that are available to the Australian public must have a radiant power output of less than 1 milliwatt. It makes it illegal under Commonwealth law to intentionally or knowingly point a laser pointer at an aircraft or at a law enforcement officer. 3 0 obj
387, CHAPTER 42. When, Where Laser Pointers Are Not OK In addition to concerns over powerful laser pointers, laws in many states prohibit young folks from bringing laser pointers onto school grounds or other places. It is a legal requirement in Australia for lasers to be labelled according to their particular hazard. ", MISSOURI: Aiming a laser at a uniformed safety officer, MISSOURI, city of Springfield: Restrictions on possession, use, MISSOURI, city of Joplin: Restrictions on possession, use, NEVADA: Directing laser light with intent to interfere with an aircraft, NEW HAMPSHIRE: Illegal to shine a laser at an occupied aircraft, vehicle, window or at a person, NEW JERSEY, town of Ocean City (2011): Ban on laser pointer sales and possession, NEW JERSEY: Oct. 2013 - Governor vetos bill to ban laser pointer sales over 1 mW, On October 17 2013, New Jersey Governor Chris Christie vetoed proposed bill A3169/S418, passed by the legislature 106-8, that would have banned the sale of laser pointers over 1 milliwatt. Laser pointer laws and regulations This section includes these pages: International (non-U.S.) laws U.S. national, state and local laws Laser pointer permits - A list of regulations requiring permits to acquire, import, use and/or possess a laser pointer An analysis and status of HR 386 - U.S. law in 2011-2012 Congress Lasers in the unlawful possession of minors are subject to immediate confiscation as contraband, in addition to any other law enforcement action. Safety Officer: In most cases, shining a laser pointer at a uniformed safety officer is a Class C misdemeanor, punishable by a maximum $500 fine. (a) It shall be unlawful for any person to direct the light from a laser pointer or device from public or private property upon another person, a person's means of conveyance, or an animal, on public or private property, or upon a watercraft, airplane, helicopter or other aircraft, in public airspace or waterways at any time. The civil fine is subject to all applicable court costs, assessments, and surcharges.-- (3) A violation of this subsection is not a criminal or delinquent offense and no criminal or delinquent record may be maintained. DefinitionsLaser pointer or device means a device that is designed to amplify electromagnetic radiation by stimulated emission that emits a beam designed to be used by the operator as a pointer or highlighter to indicate, mark, or identify a specific position, place, item, or object. New York City Administrative Code Section 10-134.2 Regulation of laser pointers. For example, New Jersey has enacted stringent penalties that criminalize aiming laser pointers at any vehicle, including an airplane. (b) Law enforcement exemption. The following language was introduced in the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2021, which was enacted January 1, 2021. But what you may not realize is that those cat owners may be breaking the law in the most adorable way possible. . This guide is to be used for reporting laser light shows or displays incorporating Class IIIb or Class IV lasers only. endobj
It lists firms and their products which are subject to "Detention without Physical Examination". 16-55. The U.S. Federal Aviation Administration "will pursue the toughest penalties" against persons who deliberately aim lasers at aircraft, Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood announced on May 16 2012. 'E}jSkr =[T3Xytw|K#4(-%"(x;/KUT{y7J>~6bXx[m;qF|F||,OM|{?g#,J>0\" ne
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Byh jQJ!D,e?BK}RI;]Zf%2TROPi2m>gQO@W5vQL"Gt0Wt$9$h"l:Ar Below is the text of Governor Christie's, NEW YORK STATE: Illegal to aim a laser at an aircraft, or its flight path, OKLAHOMA: Laser Safety Act, $100 for first violation, $500 for second, 21 O.S. the city of Virginia Beach in 2011 wanting the state to make aiming at aircraft illegal, goals, purpose and statement of editorial independence, Shining a laser on any person, animal, vehicle, building or resident, Possession of a laser pointer by any person under the age of 18, Selling a laser pointer to any person under the age of 18. Department of Health-Radiation Health: Only laws for class four medical lasers. Health Services, Chapter 7. TermsPrivacyDisclaimerCookiesDo Not Sell My Information, Begin typing to search, use arrow keys to navigate, use enter to select, Please enter a legal issue and/or a location, (city, . Enacted by Chapter 67, 2001 General Session, unless he is authorized by the Federal Aviation Administration or the armed forces of the United States. In the most notorious case, on January 4, 2005, New Jersey stargazer David Banach was . GEORGIA: Illegal to aim at police, aircraft (proposed). Possession by minors unlawful; exception. Whoever commits the crime of unlawful aiming of a laser at an aircraft shall be imprisoned with or without hard labor for not less than one year nor more than five years and shall be fined two thousand dollars. US: FDA/CDRH recommends aircraft/vehicle caution label. Registration of Nonionizing Radiation Sources and Standards for Protection Against Nonionizing Radiation. (b) Laser pointers or devices in the unlawful possession of minors are subject to immediate confiscation as contraband. (4) Aiming the beam at any car, truck, bicycle, motorcycle, bus, golf cart, boat or other watercraft, airplane, helicopter or other aircraft, or any other type of motorized or non-motorized vehicle while it is occupied or being operated by a person. US: FDA information for laser pointer manufacturers, In 2017 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration posted a webpage with ", US: FDA proposes changes to Federal Laser Performance Standard, US: FDA proposes allowing only red laser pointers. History. What should be done about laser pointers? Current trends now place emphasis on classification, controls, and training. green), due to their appeal as a recreational device, coupled with the low cost of manufacture; andWHEREAS, especially because of these higher powered lasers, with the resulting increase in their intensity and range, and extra potential hazard when pointed at objects and people, there also has been a dramatic escalation recently in the number of incidents in which damaging laser beams are being directed at people and aircraft in Horry County; andWHEREAS, the U.S. Coast Guard, Charleston Sector, has reported several recent cases where pilots were forced to land their aircraft and abort missions during search and rescue operations after being hit with laser beams, particularly debilitating when the pilot is wearing night vision equipment; andWHEREAS, during the summer of 2012 alone, there have been over 70 reported incidents of aircraft being hit by lasers in and around the Myrtle Beach International Airport.WHEREAS, therefore, it is the will of City Council to provide for regulation of the sale, possession, and use of laser pointed devices in the City, and to provide for the enforcement thereof, in the interest of the public's health, safety, and welfare.NOW, THEREFORE, the following law with respect to the regulation of laser pointed devices is hereby ordained and enacted:ARTICLE I: IN GENERAL.Sec.
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Response Surface Plot Matlab, Callistemon Sawfly Life Cycle, Gudinde Navne 6 Bogstaver, Josh Taylor Boxer, Is There A Mermaid Chronicles Part 2, Articles L