st dymphna facts

st dymphna facts

He decided that he wanted to marry Dymphna, his own daughter, because she looked so much like her mother. Gordon, Anne. Despite his inner fury, he managed to control his anger. Gerebran as well as several faithful servants from her fathers court. With persuasive and flattering words he manifested his purpose to her. When Dymphna was only fourteen, her beloved mother died and the king went mad in his great state of grief. All rights reserved. Saint Gabriel Francis Possenti's feast day is February 28. Soon, the church was so full that an addition was added onto it but even then it still could not contain all the visitors. Other articles where Saint Dymphna is discussed: Geel: linked with the Irish martyr St. Dymphna. Submit a story, ask a question, or get in touch with our staff. She resisted her father's advancesand courageously fled Ireland with her confessor, St. Gerebernus, and a couple of servants into Belgium. In his anger, the king ordered his men to kill Fr. Anxiety. 2023 Trinity Road, LLC. Her mother was a devout Christian. Amen.Our FatherHail MaryGlory Be. May 14, 2022 5 AM PT. St. Anne is one of the patron saints of Brittany and Canada and of women in labour. Gerebran, were later named saints and Dymphna was honored with the crown of martyrdom. Catholic Online Prayer Candles - light your prayer candle. She and her mother were secret Christians. In the town of Gheel, in the Flemish-speaking region of Belgium, great honor is paid to St. Dymphna, whose body is preserved in a silver reliquary in the church which bears her name. Whos Who in Christian History(Tyndale House, 1992). Jockle, Clemens. By using our website, you're agreeing to the collection of data as described in our Privacy Policy. At first the patients were lodged in a small annex built onto the church. After her mother died, the king became mentally disturbed and wanted to marry his daughter because she looked like her mother. Edward Gretchko is the priest. Thursday:9.15 20.30 be automatically applied order subtotals of When this approach failed, he tried threats and insults; but these too left Dymphna unmoved. And appropriately it is so called for the names of the Irish saints would more than fill the Churchs calendar. Complete Volume 60+ Saint Fun Facts to Color! Many have invoked her name and intercession for friends and family in need of healing from mental illness, as well as the stresses and anxieties of day-to-day living. If you are planning on visiting the Shrine of St Dymphna and have questions about Mass times, please call our office at (330) 833-8478. Patron of: Mental Illness. We beg you, Lord, to hear the prayers of St. Dymphna on our behalf. She fled, but he eventually found her and killed her. Her mother, a descendant of a noble family, was, on the other hand, a devout Christian., who was remarkable both for her piety and her great beauty. Enraged by the flight of his daughter, Dympnas father pursued her and eventually found her to Geel. These include the feast of St. Dymphna, known for miracles involving mental health, anxieties and general mental wellness and well-being. Todays Catholic offers advertising opportunities both online and in print. She is known for her bravery and devotion to God, and is the patron saint of those suffering from mental and nervous disorders, as well as victims of incest and abuse. In the instance of St. Philomena, it was the Roman emperor Diocletian in the fourth century. . Her feast day is kept on May 15th. May 15 is the feast day of St. Dymphna, a young woman of great courage. like comment To escape his incestuous intentions, Dymphna fled Ireland for Geel in Belgium, with her confessor Gerebernus. So unhinged was Dymphna's father, Damon, that the King's counselors suggested he remarry. The bodies of Dympna and Gerebernus were placed in an unmarked grave and moved elsewhere in the 13th century. Give those whom I recommend the patience to bear their affliction and resignation to do Your divine will. Upon his arrival, the king continued his attempts to convince Dymphna to marry him, promising great wealth and esteem if she accepted his offer. The earliest historical account of the veneration of St. Dymphna dates from the middle of the thirteenth century. St. Dymphna, Virgin and Martyr, pray for us. I have. He is not what you are. And you will try again. Virgin and martyr. She was the very picture of her attractive young Christian mother. Dymphna's mother imparted the Christian faith to her daughter and had her secretly baptized against her father's wishes. When she was fourteen, she consecrated herself to Christ and took a vow of chastity. Grand Gallery | Admission free. St. Dymphna, a devout Christian girl, refused to do such a wicked thing as marry her father. A church was built in Gheel in her name and many people suffering from mental disorders began traveling there for healings. Her name appears in the Roman Martyrology, together with St. Gereberns on May 15. Meet local business professionals in the Fort Wayne - South Bend area. Heaven, too, favored the child with special graces. Nick Rabiipour. How did this come to pass? St Dymphna, who abandoned the court of thy father to escape the danger of impurity, pray for us. Copyright 2022 Catholic Online. Be pleased to hear the prayer of St. Dymphna and of your Blessed Mother. With one blow of the steel, the head was severed from the shoulders and another glorious martyr went to join the illustrious heroes of Christs kingdom. When Dympna was a young child her mother died, and as the child grew up she developed a remarkable resemblance to her deceased mother. St. Dymphna, help of those in mental distress, pray for us. The altarpiece featuring scenes from the life of St Dymphna is the only work of its kind to focus on the life of an Irish saint. After visiting many countries in vain, the messengers returned saying that they could find none so charming and amiable as his own lovely daughter, Dymphna. These include the feast of St. Dymphna, known for miracles involving mental health, anxieties and general mental wellness and well-being. Butlers Lives of the Saints, rev. If you have loved ones suffering from mental or emotional illness then I encourage you to invoke St. Dymphna. However, her legacy launched a . $75 or more. Friday - Saturday:9.15 17.30 A Brief Story of St. Dymphna, His moody silences pushed him on the verge of mental collapse. A PRAYER TO ST. DYMPHNA. Dymphna was early placed under the care and tutelage of a pious Christian woman, who prepared her for baptism, which was conferred by the saintly priest Father Gerebran. Tweet. Information concerning her life, which startlingly . St. Dymphnawas born in the 7th century, when Ireland was almost universally Catholic. Your Catholic Voice Foundation has been granted a recognition of tax exemption under Section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code. Her feast day is May 15. Free standard shipping (Contiguous U.S. only) will Yet, strange to say, her father, a petty king of Oriel, was still a pagan. Choose a language from the menu above to view a computer-translated version of this page. One such forgotten or unknown saint, who, on account of her spotless virtue and glorious martyrdom, is sometimes referred to as the Lily of Fire, is St. Dymphna. When he eventually discovered their location he ordered his men to kill St. Gerebernus and the other servants. A perfect resource for Parents, Teachers and Home Schooling that will keep children entertained while they learn. St Dymphna, who sought strength and consolation in Holy Mass, Holy Communion and prayer, pray for us. To escape the kings inevitable outrage over her rejection, Dymphna fled the kingdom. St. Dymphna, faithful through great sufferenings, pray for us. She was declared patroness of those with mental problems because of the great anguish her fathers mental affliction caused. When she was fourteen, she consecrated herself to Christ and took a vow of chastity. Should you be near Ohio, you can visit the National Shrine of St. Dymphna, the first church in the U.S. dedicated to the saint. For those who don't know, Saint Dymphna was an Irish Princess in 628 who had to escape from her deranged father. St Dymphna, who chose a life of poverty on earth so that thou might lay up treasures in heaven, pray for us. (Liturgical Press, 1996). Read her story here. 2023 Loyola Press. The Phoebus Foundation, Antwerp. Either my tolerance level has lowered or it's because they have become completely unhinged since the election and are not careful with what they say. Dymphna, a virgin and martyr is the patron of people suffering mental and nervous disorders, but no historical facts are known of her life. Dymphna - a legendary 6th or 7th century Irish saint was the daughter of a Celtic king. He beheaded his daughter and ordered his attendants to execute the priest. This lack of fact in our scientific age makes the centuries of impact the legend has had on the mentally ill and those who care for them even more inspiring. At first, Dymphnas father tried to persuade her to return with him, but Father Gerebran sternly rebuked him for his wicked intentions, whereupon he gave orders that Father Gerebran should be put to death. In our century, the name of St. Dymphna as the heavenly intercessor for such benefits is increasingly venerated in America. Both Dymphna and the priest, Fr. the intercession of St. Dymphna. The church commemorates her feast day May 15 and she is the patron saint of those who suffer from mental illnesses and nervous system disorders, epileptics, mental health professionals, incest victims, and runaways. Catholic Online School - Free education with 1,000,000 student enrollments. In the instance of St. Dymphna, it was an Irish pagan King named Damon, her own father, in the Seventh century. To re-enable the tools or to convert back to English, click "view original" on the Google Translate toolbar. Quick Facts She was only 13 or 15 when she died. The king then leaped from his seat and with his own weapon cut off his daughters head. All Rights Reserved. Dymphna was born in Ireland sometime in the seventh century to a pagan father and devout Christian mother. The remains of the saintwere placed in a small church. But Dymphna's mother died, and left Damon devastated. Addal is also supposed to have sent another disciple, Man, to various sites along the continue reading, An archbishop and scholar, Ado was born in Sens and educated at the Benedictine abbey of Ferrieres. Feast Day: May 15. St. Dymphna, also known as St. Dimpna or St. Dympna, is a Catholic saint who lived in the 7th century. Catholic Almanac. When still very young, Dymphna, like so many other nobel Irish maidens before and after her, being filled with fervor and love for Jesus Christ, chose Him for her Divine Spouse and consecrated her virginity to Him and to His Blessed Mother by a vow of chastity. She was accompanied by her confessor, Fr. Nor is . Unaware that the men were spies, he innocently revealed to them where she lived. Share on Facebook Share on Twitter. From this beginning Gheel developed into a town world-famed for its care of the insane and mentally afflicted. The Feast Day of St. Dymphna is May 15, which falls on a Monday this year. Perhaps the need is very personal. No safe place to stay. Federal Tax Identification Number: 81-0596847. Weekly Schedule of Bishop Kevin C. Rhoades, School Choice, Mental Health Expansions Top Wish L, Marriage Encounter at Lindenwood Retreat Center - Enrollment Open. Traditionally, Saint Dymphna is often portrayed with a crown on her head, dressed in royal robes, and holding a sword. Miracles and cures began to occurin continually increasing numbers. Dymphna's mother died when the saint was just 14 years old. St. Dymphna was born in Ireland to a non-Christian father, who became mentally disturbed sought to marry his own daughter. Join in praying this novena for yourself or a loved one! He then attempted to convince St. Dymphna to come back to Ireland with him and be his wife. A church was built in her honour, Get new content delivered directly to your inbox. Most of the latter, after some time spent in the institution, are placed in one or other of the families of Gheel, where they lead a comparatively normal life. Saint Dymphna (also: Dympna, Dimpna) was the daughter of a pagan Irish king and his Christian wife in the 7th century AD. Saint Dymphna was born in 7th century Ireland to a pagan Irish chieftain named Damon and a beautiful Christian woman. A noble by birth, Ado renounced his inheritance and became a Benedictine, in time assigned to the monastery of Prum, near Trier, Germany. 2023 National Shrine of St. Dymphna. According to oral tradition she was the daughter of a pagan king in Ireland. The king came at once to Gheel for the final, tragic encounter. On St. Blaise Day, you got your throat blessed, but you'll also hear the story of Legion and how Christ . Gradually St. Dymphnas fame as patroness of victims of nervous diseases and mental disorders was spread from country to country. Unfortunately, her father discovered her whereabouts and he sailed to Gheel in the hopes of bringing her back with him. By continuing to use this site, you consent to the terms of our cookie policy, which can be found in our. Born during the 7th century to Irish royalty, St. Dymphnas mother, the queen, had the girl baptized and raised in the faith in secret because of her husbands pagan beliefs. His envoys went far a field in search of the woman he desired. Historically, St. Dymphna has been attributed to various miracles of healing for those suffering from mental illness. Her mother tragically died while St. Dymphna was only a teenager. Dymphna was the daughter of a pagan king by the name of Damon, in 7th-century Ireland. Weve been busy, working hard to bring you new features and an updated design. St. Dymphna: The Courage of a Teenage Irish Girl. Gerebern while he himself beheaded Dymphna. A 14th-century church in Geel is dedicated to Dymphna, the patron saint of the mentally afflicted. At age fourteen, she consecrated herself to Christ, following the faith of her pious mother. If you wish to have a votive lighted for one week, visit the religious items section and click on Votive Candle Prayers. Any unauthorized use, without prior written consent of Catholic Online is strictly forbidden and prohibited. Then spies from her native land arrived in Gheel and paid their inn fees with coins similar to those Dymphna had often handed to the innkeeper. She was murdered by her father. By using our website, you're agreeing to the collection of data as described in our, St. Joseph (San Jose) & Year of St. Joseph, Catholic Company Exclusive Rosary Bracelets, Spanish Resources (Libros liturgicos en espanol). This item Definitely not. By the advice of St. Gerebern, her confessor, she eventually fled from home to avoid the danger of her refusal. The remains of Saint Dymphna were later put into a silver reliquary and placed in a church in Geel named in her honour. So he commissioned certain ones of his court to seek out for him a lady who would be like his first spouse in beauty and character. The Church of St Dymphna in Geel, consecrated in 1247, still holds relics associated with the saint. This tradition continues to this day. It was not long,however, until an unexpected cloud overshadowed the happy childhood of the beautiful girl. Saint John Cassian's feast day is February 29. Addal cured Abgar and converted the king and his people to the faith. Posted on September 17, 2020. Read the incredible and heart-wrenching story of St. Dymphna below. She is the patroness of runaways, diabolic possessions, asylums, and mental health workers; and she is invoked against epilepsy, sleepwalking, and insanity. Soon afterward, her mother died and her father - who had loved his wife deeply - began to suffer a rapid deterioration April 3, 2021 In modern art, Saint Dymphna is shown holding the sword, which symbolizes her martyrdom, quite awkwardly. I recommend to You in particular, (name). The Catholic Company. St. Dymphna, it seems, offers us viable alternatives: Prayer, for one thing, particularly through her intercession, but beyond that are the bold innovations in communal hospitality and therapy that her story has inspired in Geel and beyond. Her father was relentless in his mad pursuit of Dymphnaand followed them into Belgium. Catholic tradition promotes saints for various devotions and in support of numerous causes. Brigid was born in Ireland in 450 AD 2. The Legend of St. Dymphna Legend says that Geel's system of foster family care for the mentally ill was motivated by events that occurred in the 6th - 7th century, A.D. Does the Bible Have Anything to do with My Life? Through Christ, our Lord. Donald R. McClarey. Versions of the legend suggest she offered personal care for . The earliest historical records pertaining to St. Dymphna, virgin and martyr, date to the mid-13th century and are based on longstanding oral tradition. The spies of King Damon informed him of Dymphna's place. Here they were hospitably received and began to make plans for establishing their future abode at this place. From the earliest mention of the saint in medieval liturgy and clerical scholarship, Dymphna was recognized as the patron of the mentally ill. Perhaps even before her veneration began . The Healing Saints: Saint Dymphna. St. Dymphna Patron Saint of the Mentally Ill Lived: like comment share Lived and died in the seventh century Born in Ireland and died in Gheel, Belgium. He broached the topic to his daughter. He sent messengers throughout his own town and other lands . His relics were taken to Sonsbeck in Germany, where they were an object of pilgrimage until they were destroyed during World War II. The Lives of the Saints (Barnes, 1994). In the little village of Gheel, they settled near a shrine dedicated to St. Martin of Tours. With undaunted courage she spurned his enticing promises and scorned his cruel threats. May 15, 2015. Press, 1992). Dymphna, who had made a vow of virginity before God, was horrified by her fathers proposal and adamantly refused. Saint Dymphna (also: Dympna, Dimpna) was the daughter of a pagan Irish king and his Christian wife in the 7th century AD. Before her mother's death, Dymphna consecrated herself to Jesus Christ and vowed chastity.Soon after her mother died, Dymphna's father became mentally ill. His mental stability was lost and he confined himself to isolation. St. Mary Church will celebrate a special Mass that day in her honor. Abbot Lupus Servatus, an outstanding humanist of the time, trained Ado, and was impressed with the obvious holiness of the young man. Born during the 7th century to Irish royalty, St. Dymphna's mother, the queen, had the girl baptized and raised in the faith in secret because of her husband's pagan beliefs. Millions of Americans are forgoing their common sense, carried along the stream of insanity like dead things, afraid to take a stand or make a stir. Catholic Online is a Project of Your Catholic Voice Foundation, a Not-for-Profit Corporation. Saint Dymphna was born in Ireland during the 7th century. Dymphna knows of our plight, as a hero who lost her head to a man who had lost his mind. Read his story here. She is also invoked as the patron saint of runaways and survivors of incest and sexual assault. June 17, 2017. Good Saint Dymphna, great wonder-worker in every affliction of mind and body, I humbly implore your powerful intercession with Jesus through Mary . GROW IN FAITH AND PRAYER WITH HALLOW! We use cookies (and other similar technologies) to collect data to improve your shopping experience. Her father, who loved his wife deeply, was driven to madness by her death. 800-621-1008 Please review our Privacy Policy and Terms and Conditions. (Sunday Visitor, 1996). After St. Dymphna's tragic murder, those suffering from mental or emotional illness would come to the site of her death and receive miraculous healing. You can find St. Dymphna devotionalgifts here. Further information on the Mass and on devotions to St. Dympha may be found on the website: www.natlshrinestdymphna.org. When the queen died at a very young age, the royal widower's heart remained beyond reach of comfort. This article has been updated and was originally published in May 2013. Dymphna's mother secretly taught her the principles of Christianity.She lived a happy childhood until her mother died. Please fill them with hope, and grant them the relief and cure they so much desire.We ask this through Christ our Lord who suffered agony in the garden. Legend holds that Dymphna was an Irish princess, born to a pagan father and a Christian mother sometime in the seventh century. To escape his incestuous intentions, Dymphna fled Ireland for Geel in Belgium, with her confessor Gerebernus. Dymphna fell at his feet. Bilinge: Encontrando a Dios / Finding God, Encontrando a Dios / Finding God (Espaol), Encontrando a Dios / Finding God (English), Catequistas Y Maestros / Catechists & Teachers, En El Orden Restaurado: Descripcion Del Programa, Nuestra Seora De GuadalupeOur Lady of Guadalupe. A Book of Saints (Bantam, 1994). Dymphna's mother imparted the Christian faith to her daughter and had her secretly baptized against her fathers wishes. (Here mention those for whom you wish to pray). As a victim of a mentally ill father, Saint Dymphna offers much solace to those suffering from psychological problems as well as their . St. Dymphna's mother, who was said to be exceedingly lovely, died when the child was only approximately 14 years old. Grant all those for whom we pray patience in their sufferings and resignation to your divine will. The story of St. Dymphna was first recorded in the thirteenth century by a canon of the Church of St. Aubert at Cambrai, commissioned by the Bishop of Cambrai, Guy I (12381247 AD). Shortly thereafter, her mother died. His courtiers suggested he consider a second marriage. When she was only fifteen years of age her mother died, and her father was wrought by terrible grief. Following her example, we can face the mental disease caused by a culture of contradiction. Every affection and attention was lavished upon her from birth. Soon afterward, her mother died and her father - who had loved his wife deeply - began to suffer a rapid deterioration of his mental stability. Grant that, through the prayers of this youthful martyr of purity, those who suffer from nervous and mental illness everywhere on earth may be helped and consoled. When she and Gerebernus refused to return, her fathers anger boiled over. Recommending her soul to the mercy of God, the holy virgin fell prostrate at the feet of her insanely raving father. St. Dymphna. Includes the Catholic Encyclopedia, Church Fathers, Summa, Bible and more all for only $19.99. Hear us, O God, Our Saviour, as we honor St. Dymphna, patron of those afflicted with mental and emotional illness. Then gradually it came about that the patients were place in the homes of the families living in Gheel. When the workmen removed the heap of black earth at the caves entrance, great was their astonishment to find two most beautiful tombs, whiter than snow, which were carved from stone, as if by angel hands. Dymphna is a saint for us all, being brave and unyielding against unreasonable and violent oppression. Patron of Victims of Nervous Disorders*. Her name means "poetess." Here are 10 interesting facts about the chaste and virtuous St. Dymphna. St. Dymphna is honored as the patron saint of anxiety, stress, mental disorders, depression, and other neurological disorders. Soon afterward, her mother died and her father - who had loved his wife deeply - began to suffer a rapid deterioration of his mental stability. St. Dymphna, patron saint of mental health Catholic tradition promotes saints for various devotions and in support of numerous causes. Dymphna, also spelled Dympna, is the name of an Irish virgin martyr. In 2016, the Phoebus Foundation in Belgium undertook a large-scale restoration project focusing on an altarpiece triptych in their collection by Goossen van der Weyden (1455-1543). When Dymphna was only fourteen, her beloved mother died and the king went mad in his great state of grief. St. Anthonys Burse -Educating and Assisting Young Seminarians, Medical Aid for the Poor and Sick in Mission Lands, Franciscan Milk Fund for Mission Children, Missions Photo Album See Your Support In Action. She would rather die than break the vow of virginity she had made with her confessors approval. Because of the uncanny resemblance, her father fell in love with her. If you donate just $5.00, the price of your coffee, Catholic Online School could keep thriving. The success of the Colony of Gheel, Belgium, By Deborah Netburn Staff Writer. St. Dymphna, our helper in every need, pray for us. Soon afterward, her mother died and her father who had loved his wife deeply began to suffer a rapid deterioration. (Oxford Univ. Encyclopedia of Saints (Alpine Fine Arts Collection, 1995). Catholic Online Saints - thousands of saints bios. Learning Resources - Free printable resources for schools, parishes, and more. St. Dymphna, faithful to your covenant with Christ, pray for us. The latter seems to have been a member of the household, and later taught little Dymphna her letters along with the truths of religion. Novenas wer made, and St. Dymphnas relic was applied to the patients. Contents 1 Life 2 Reference 3 Source Saint Dymphna is the patroness of those suffering nervous and mental afflictions as well as victims of incest. As a result, the townspeople of Gheel began accepting the mentally ill travelers into their homes. Dymphna - a legendary 6th or 7th century Irish saint was the daughter of a Celtic king. shipping page for more information. Though he was still grieving for his wife, he agreed to remarry if a continue reading, A disciple of Christ sent by St. Thomas to the court of King Abgar the Black, the second century Osroene ruler. (Oxford Univ. She is thus an inspiration and a symbol of charity to the thousands who ask her intercession.Please grant, Lord, through the prayers of this pure youthful martyr, relief and consolation to all suffering such trials, and especially those for whom we pray. St. Dymphna Dymphna was born in Ireland sometime in the seventh century to a pagan father and devout Christian mother. 3. EVERY Wednesday 9am. The remains of Saint Gerebernus were moved to Xanten, Germany. Generations of experience have given to the people of Gheel an intimate and tender skill in dealing with their charges, and their remarkable spirit of charity and Christlike love for these afflicted members of society gives to our modern-day world, so prone to put its whole reliance on science and to forge the principles of true Christian charity, a lesson the practice of which would do much to restore certain types of mentally afflicted individuals to an almost normal outlook on life. Sunday: 11.00 17.30, Support us by becoming a members of the Friends of the Gallery. They haven't changed. Davets and Damhnait, Damhnade) was a 7th-century Celtic saint who died circa 650. Click here for the official . ), 7th-century martyr. Englebert, Omar. This Pendants item is sold by EllaRuthDesign. Read his story here. True, the records of the life and martyrdom of this holy virgin are for the most part meager and unsatisfactory, but sufficient is known regarding the principal faces of her life and of her many well-authenticated miracles to attest to an exalted sanctity. St. Dymphna, crowned for the glory in heaven, pray for us. Daily Readings - viewed over 100 million times worldwide. Abgar's court was in Edessa in Asia Minor (modern Turkey). Saint Brigid of Ireland, whose feast day is February 1st, led a fascinating life. After a favorable passage, they arrived on the coast near the present city of Antwerp. But after several years had elapsed, the villagers, recalling their holy deaths, decided to give the bodies a more suitable burial. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, rev. Damon had loved his wife deeply, and in the aftermath of her death his mental health sharply deteriorated. When the coffin of St. Dymphna was opened there was found lying on her breast a red tile bearing the inscription: Here lies the holy virgin and martyr, Dymphna.. His life is not the end. Dymphna was the only child of a pagan king who is believed to have ruled a section of Ireland in the 7th century. Send me your answered prayers from the St Dymphna Novena - Prayers for Mental Illnesses, Click here to get the Catholic Novena Ebook for FREE, as well as reminders of when novenas begin. The account of Dympna is based almost entirely on folklore, as little of her history is recorded. Her mother, a descendant of a noble family, was, on the other hand, a devout Christian., who was remarkable both for her piety and her great beauty. Repelled at first, the king then agreed. Please see His moody silences pushed him on the verge of mental collapse. Catholic Online Prayers - thousands of prayers. It is said that when their graves were disturbed, numerous people with epilepsy and insane individuals found themselves cured of their afflictionsthe reason why Dympna is revered as the patron saint of people with epilepsy and people with mental illness.

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